Now that we have defined functionality, we need to set some standards with regards to the macro programming. The first thing to consider is the variable table. You have four (4) types of variables:

Local Variables: These variables are local to the program. Normally used to transfer values to a cycle call, or as intermediate mathematical value holders. I hate using local variables because of one major issue with them. They are reset to null (not 0) when the control is reset or the program ends. While perfectly fine for use in transferring variables to canned cycles, etc. They can get you in trouble if you use them for other things. I, just by policy, never use them for anything. In Fanucese, these are typically #100-#499 (if you have that many available). Local variables are only available to the program in which they are used.

Global Variables: These variables, once set, remain set unless you change or reset them via macro or the control keyboard. Unlike local variables, global variables are available to any program in the control. I use gobal variables because they are retained, can be used in any program, and you can track what's going on if you have an issue. In Fanucese, these are typically #500-#999

System Variables: These variables are available to use in macro programming and allow you to write and retrieve information from the control itself, such as tool in the spindle, tool offset active, write and read offsets, check active codes, etc. Very handy indeed, BUT, these are _NOT_ standardized to a great extent. You will have to consult the macro programming portion of your control manuals to determine what these are.

String Variables: String variables are a group of characters interpreted as a single value. Typically defined with a $ symbol. String variables allow you to manipulate text and phrases etc. Not all controls support string functions.

I typically define my variable fields along the following lines:
#500-599 : Input variables to the macro
#600-799 : Mathmatical functions of the macro
#800-899 : Variables needed with regard to tooling, offsets and system variables.
#900-999 : Logic keep bits, counters, etc

Macro Programming Fundamentals

Macro programming is a useful tool for most any CNC machine shop, whether a one man garage or an international conglomerate. Macro programming provides a means of shortening code and doing repetitive tasks easily and quickly. All of your canned cycles in a control are nothing but a macro. Macro is also extremely useful for families of parts.
All computer programming is on a fundamental level, very similar. The syntax of the commands, and purpose of the programming may change, but the fundamentals of how to approach it, how logic works, and program flow are pretty much the same.

The first step to any programming is to define the _functionality_ required of the program. Functionality is defined as the end result(s) and abilities expected of the computer code. In other words, what is it supposed to do.

When we write a macro, we have a desired result in mind. Write down the broad-based result you are looking for from the program. A broad-based result would be something like: Bolt circle drilling, rectangular pocketing, block facing, slotting, etc.
For an example, lets use bolt circle drilling.
After we have defined the broad-based functionality, we need to narrow down the specifics of what we desire from the program. We must set limits to the functionality we want to achieve. If no limits are set, then the program becomes too large, cumbersome and time consuming.
In our example, one of the main limits we need to set is the maximum number of holes we will be allowed to drill in the macro. For the sake of brevity, lets limit ourselves to 10 holes (We have another question coming up that, in reality, allows unlimited holes using only 10 as a maximum here)
So: Max Holes in pattern == 10.
Next up on the functionality list regarding hole drilling: Do we have a drilling cycle in the machine control or not? Most of the time, this is going to be a yes, so we will go with that.
So: Have drilling cycle in control == Yes
Next up on the functionality list: Do we want the ability to start the hole pattern at some angle other than directly along one of the major machine axis (X,Y,Z), this is seen often in parts, so yes, we want this functionality.
So: Ability to start holes at operator input angle == Yes
Next: Do we want the macro to call the tool, or will you already have the tool in the spindle when you call the macro? Lets do macro does not call tool. This is really a programmers preference as to which way to go, but since the possibility exists that we could do multiple bolt patterns with the same tool, we wouldn't want to go to tool change position each time between patterns.
So: Macro calls tool == No
Next: Do we want to induce multiples of our max holes? This would allow you to drill more than our stated maximum number of holes. I think we can implement this in a short manner, so we will do this.
So: Macro allows multiples == Yes
What other functionality should we define?......hrm.....for now I can't think of anything, so onward we go with the functionality described above.

This software is a great utility for all those either in engineering or associated with engineering and manufacturing.

What this software does is, bring together 18 different calculators, convertors and Fanuc G-Code generators into one convienent place on your desktop.

CNC Mate will perform the following tasks:

Ascii Code Conversion

Binary to Decimal / Decimal to Binary Code Conversion

Drill Size Conversions

Fanuc Ellipse Programmer and Point Plotter

Fanuc Grid Point Programmer

General Conversion Tool (mm > inch etc)

Grid Pattern Point Plotter

Hexagon Diameter Calculator

Decimal to Hexadecimal Code Conversion

CNC Letter Codes Explained

Fanuc Macro B Variables Explained

Oblique Triangle Calculator

Fanuc PCD (Bolt Hole) Programmer and Point Plotter

Pocket Milling Programmer (Circular)

Right Angle Triangle Calculator

Speeds and Feeds Calculator

Square Diameter Calculator

Thread Milling Fanuc Program Generator

Tapping Chart with Fanuc Cycle Generator

This software was designed by Ben Groves who works in CNC Applications, looking to make life easier and normally long winded processes, short and easy.

This software requires Net Framework 2.0 or above (automatically downloads with software). This software is compatible with Windows 95, 98, 2000, Vista & windows 7. The required screen resolution is 1024 x 768.

This software is in no way affiliated to any CNC Control manufacturer. If you experience any difficulties with this product, please email info@cncmate.com

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Taper Thread Calculator

Operator Station Assembly OSA Keypad

A2100 provides a full set of numeric and cursor control keys directly below the screen . These keys provide the operator with the capability to navigate and modify any data tables within the control, without the requirement of selecting the on-screen keyboard.

Symbol descriptions for the OSA keypad are as follows:

A2100 OSA buttons

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Macro Programming Fundamentals

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